Strengthening Nuclear Security in R&D Facilities: Integrating National and Local Accounting Systems to Counter Insider Threats

The control of nuclear materials must take into account the possibility of the existence of an insider threat aimed at stealing or diverting nuclear materials. The new concern in the field of nuclear research and development in the light of global warming is leading to the diversification of research and development activities in this area. This must lead to reassessing the system in place and the associated doctrine to ensure that the protection measures against internal threats are still relevant. In response to this challenge, our study delves into the Nuclear Material Accounting and Control (NMAC) system in France. The complementary role between national accounting, giving a global consolidated view, and local accounting and the physical monitoring of materials and operations, giving a detailed view, must make it possible to detect an attempted theft or diversion and provide a timely response to the authorities in the event of a suspected internal threat. This consolidated approach not only sharpens oversight but also serves as a powerful deterrent against insider misconduct. Such a system is essential for bolstering the security of nuclear facilities. It must be adapted to new uses or new activities without forgetting activities such as the dismantling of nuclear installations.