Emerging Technologies Challenges to Nuclear Security: Require Multilateral Dialogue between Nuclear Actors

Emerging technologies such as cyber and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are challenging nuclear security because nuclear command and control system have become more vulnerable and dependent on these technologies. Integration of AI in nuclear command and control systems is very risky as it increases automation and reduces human control. Automation has the potential for making decisions that fail to allow for human control and decision making. AI infused cyber capabilities can also be used for spoofing, hacking, data poisoning and digital jamming. In addition, emerging technologies (cyber and unmanned drones) are creating new risks from nonstate actors. Many scholars have worked on emerging technologies implications on nuclear security but the literature lacks discussion of risk-mitigation measures for emerging technologies (AI and cyber). This paper will argue that there is a need for multilateral dialogue among the nuclear weapons states to alleviate the challenges posed by emerging technologies to nuclear security and will explore the measures that can help to address those challenges.  This paper will argue that multilateral dialogue on a non-binding basis (like nuclear security summits), collaborative frameworks, and nuclear risk-reduction dialogue among nuclear weapons states can play a vital role to overcome challenges posed by emerging technologies.