Using INPRO Methodology for a Sustainability Assessment of
Advanced and Innovative Small Modular Reactors

Deploying small modular reactors (SMRs) is a highly promising concept with the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well as meeting world electricity requirements competitively, efficiently, and reliably. Many SMR designs have a power capacity around 300 megawatts electric. These SMRs are essential for matching increasing energy demands in developing countries due to significant reduction in construction and operation costs, and fast deployment. However, an essential requirement for SMR deployment is their sustainability, especially for advanced or innovative designs. The International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), launched in 2000 at the IAEA, focuses on ensuring nuclear energy is available in the 21st century and beyond in a sustainable manner. The project developed a Nuclear Energy System Assessment (NESA) which is a criteria-based sustainability assessment covering 6 key areas, such as safety, economics, waste management, environmental impact, infrastructure, and proliferation resistance. Additionally, a key part of the INPRO methodology is to cover the life cycle of the nuclear energy system. Using the INPRO methodology and NESA is a key factor for technology holders, designers, and States to identify gaps and weaknesses in innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles. Recent work shows that the INPRO methodology and NESA process are applicable in assessing advanced and innovative SMRs to identify gaps and weaknesses in sustainability prior to State’s deploying SMRs.