Sustainable Nuclear Security Culture through a Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Stakeholder Approach: The Case of Indonesia

Following the pilot project to assess nuclear security culture at its three research reactors, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) established in 2014 a center for security culture and assessment. The BATAN team used for the pilot project the methodology developed in the IAEA Draft Technical Guidance for Self-Assessment of Nuclear Security Culture to be released in late 2015-early 2016. The acquired practical experience and project results convinced BATAN leadership to seek ways to enhance indigenous expertise which would enable to hold self-assessments of nuclear security culture (NSC) on a regular basis and analyze their outcome. Establishment of the Center for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA) was chosen as an optimal solution with long-term benefits for Indonesia and the region which other countries may find beneficial to follow. This paper discusses a rationale for launching national security culture programs or establishing such narrowly focused centers like the CSCA to meet unique challenges of addressing the role of the human factor in the security context. These challenges include: a) how to apply NSC as a cross-cutting element throughout entire nuclear security regime; b) how to analyze results of security culture assessments as a multi-disciplinary product; c) how to make NSC consistent with national values and culture and thus keep it sustainable; d) how to promote security culture in other domains and functional areas, like chemical and biological; and e) how to team up with the academic community, educational institutions and the public as increasingly important stakeholders.