Radiological Security and Threat of Nuclear Materials: Fuzzy based Integrated Management and Assessment

Risk assessment on radiological security and threat of nuclear materials (NM) demands a comprehensive physical protection measures because of an act of nuclear or radiological sabotage. Subsequently, this malicious act has significant impact on public and properties, especially economic, environmental, and other consequences globally. Hence, the necessary requirements for physical protection including the classification of nuclear material into categories shall be prescribed by security and threat assessment with detection of unauthorized or malicious activities against nuclear material in case of three major systems such as detection, delay and response and four sub-systems such as surveillance, communication, physical barrier and access control. Besides, threats in the forms of extremism are currently perceived from terrorists obtaining NM during transport or from any nuclear facilities in order to expand and produce radiological weapons such as improvised nuclear device (IND). A risk informed approach could be a viable option to perform threat assessment and thereby identifying risks to improve nuclear security systems. However, this approach is an iterative process which decisions depend upon risk information and the stakeholders as well. Therefore, a fuzzy based integrated management of radiological security and threat analysis and evaluation relating to the nuclear material such as Uranium-233 (category I, II and III) is a necessary means of physical protection system (PPS) for any accidents during transport or in use. This study presents a theoretical framework to acquire insight into the existing threat and risk assessment and associated challenges with comparative evaluation for organizing and scrutinizing the total set of relationships contained in multi-dimensional problem complexes. A very good co-relation exists between level of violence or deterrence created by the localized accumulation using fuzzy expert system (FES). Furthermore, relevant national and international community treats correspondingly the authentic control of the NM from the perspective of sabotage effect which involves additional responsiveness in decision making.