Integrating traditional and Strengthened Safeguards Techniques to Optimize Detection and Efficiency

The IAEA's Strengthened Safeguards Systems is being designed not to detect not only diversion from declared activities, but to undeclared nuclear activities as well. Strengthened safeguards techniques have be developed to detect undeclared activities and diversion; the current challenge is to integrate these techniques with traditional techniques in a cost-effective manner. While the traditional application of safeguards focusses on specific facilities, integrated requires a state-wide analysis of a wide range of information. the optimal combination of traditional techniques and strengthened techniques utilized across a states fuel cycle is dependent on many factors. This paper describes many of those factors, outlines a general approach for determining the optimal integrated system, and discusses strategic issues related to integrated safeguards implementation.